In this toolkit, ARTICLE 19 provides a guide to identifying ’hate speech‘ and how
effectively counter it, while protecting the rights to freedom of expression and
equality. It responds to a growing demand for clear guidance on identifying “hate
speech,” and for responding to the challenges ‘hate speech’ poses within a human
rights framework.
As such, it addresses three key questions:
1. How do we identify ’hate speech’ that can be restricted, and distinguish it from
protected speech?
2. What positive measures can States and others take to counter ‘hate speech’?
3. Which types of ‘hate speech’ should be prohibited by States, and under
which circumstances?