The paper presents an in-depth mapping of existing protection initiatives and gaps affecting human rights defenders and civil society organisations across Europe. It examines threats, from physical and online attacks to legal intimidation and restrictive policies, affecting those working to safeguard civic freedoms. Highlighting examples from national and EU-level frameworks, the report evaluates mechanisms such as temporary relocation, financial support, and collective protection. Through consultations and case studies, it also identifies key areas where improvements are necessary, advocating for robust policy changes to bolster protection mechanisms and foster an inclusive and resilient civic environment